U.S. Foreign Policy Tools--free trade, unilateral and economic trade sanctions

Sanctions Working Group,
State Department Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy

U.S. Foreign Policy Tools
An Illustrative Matrix of Selected Options

KEY:
IFI : International Financial Institution
OPIC : Overseas Private Investment Corporation
EXIM : Export-Import Bank
TDA : Trade and Development Agency
GSM : General Sales Manager (USDA Export Credits)

Friendly, Persuasive

Hostile, Coercive

DIPLOMATIC
(Executive)

Embassy Open/Expand
Ambassador: Accredit
Visas: Liberalize
Landing Rights: Extend/Expand
Intl Org: Support Membership/
Support Position
Intl Conf: Support Spons/particip

Communiqué: Friendly

State Visits: Support

Senior Officials Exchange: Support

Hostile Neighbors/Opposition: Minimize Contact

Embassy: Reduce Staff
Ambassador: Recall for Consults
Visas: Restrict to targeted groups
Landing Rights: Restrict
Binatl Comms: Pare Back
Intl Org: Oppose memb/position
Intl Confs: Oppose spons/particip
Communiqué: Hostile
State Visits: Oppose
Sr. Officials Exchange: Restrict

Embassy Close
Ambassador: Withdraw
Visas: Suspend
Landing Rights: Suspend
Binatl Comms: Suspend
Intl Orgs: Urge Exclusion
Intl Confs: Urge Exclusion
State Visit: Cancel
Sr. Officials Exchange: Cancel
Hostile Neigh/Opposit: Expand Contact

POLITICAL
(Executive &
Legislative)

LEGISLATIVE

Resolutions: Friendly
CODELS: Increase
NBD: Increase Funding
Intl Parliamentary Orgs: Support Participation/Position
Opposition: Minimize Contact
Arms Transactions: Support

EXECUTIVE

Proclamation: Friendly
State/Local Exchanges: Sister City Agreements, State Offices, Overseas - Support

LEGISLATIVE

Resolutions: Hostile
CODELS: Fact-Finding Missions
NBD: Restrict Funding
Intl Parliamentary Orgs: Oppose
Opposition: Increase Contact
Arms: Cancel Trans/Boycott

EXECUTIVE

Proclamation: Hostile
Opposition: Host Visit

CULTURAL
(Executive &
Legislative)

Aggressive Broadcasts: Decrease/Suspend
Academic Exchange: Establish/Expand
Intl Athletic Events: Support Participation/Support Sponsorship
Entertainment/Cultural Tours: Support Participation/Sponsorship

Peace Corps: Expand
Public: Exchange: Establish/Expand
Intl Cultural Organizations: Support memb.
Scientific Coop: Establish/Expand Internet Sites: Expand

Aggressive Broadcasts: Increase
Academic Exch: Restrict
Intl Athletic Events; Oppose Participation/Sponsorship
Entertainment/Cultural Tours: Oppose Participation/Sponsorship
Peace Corps: Restrict
Publication Exch: Restrict
Intl Cult Orgs: Oppose memb.
Scientific Cooperation: Restrict

Academic Exch: Suspend
Intl Athletic Events: Urge Exclusion
Entertainment/Cultural Tours: Ban from US Entry/Urge Exclusion
Peace Corps: Suspend
Publication Exch: Suspend
Intl Cultural Orgs: Urge Suspension
Scientific Coop: Suspend

ECONOMIC
(Executive &
Legislative)

Debt Rescheduling: Permit/ Liberalize Terms
Pref Tariff Treatment: Expand
Reg Trade Agrmts: Permit Particip
Trade Credits: Expand
Investment: Expand Promotion
Bus Contacts: Encourage
Trade Missions: Expand
OPIC/EXIM/TDA: Open/Expand

Trade Controls: Liberalize
Double Tax Agreement: Negotiate
Tax Treaty: Negotiate
IFIs: Support membership/position
Financial Controls: Relax
Assets: Release
Postal Cooperation: Expand
Aid/Technical Assistance: Increase

Debt: Tighten Terms
Investment: Restrict Promotion
Business Contacts: Discourage
Trade Missions: Pare
OPIC/EXIM/IDA: Restrict on Targeted Basis
Trade Controls: Limited (commodity/product based)
IFIs: Oppose membership/position
Financial Controls: Increase
Aid/Technical Assistance: Restrict

Debt: Suspend
Pref Tariff Treatment: Suspend
Regional Trade Agreements: Suspend Participation
Trade Credits: Restrict
Investment: Ban
Business Contacts: Ban
Trade Missions: Suspend
OPIC/EXIM/TDA: Suspend
Trade Controls: Expand
Trade Embargo
Double Tax Agreement: Suspend
Tax Treaty: Suspend
IFIs: Urge Exclusion
Assets: Freeze
Postal Cooperation: Suspend
Aid/Technical Assistance: Suspend
G7 Sanctions Group: Activate

MILITARY
(Executive:
Legislative
Consultation)

Training (IMET/E-IMET): increase
Officer Exchange: Increase
Military Coop (Joint exercises/ training/tech coop); Increase
Port Visits: Increase
Confidence-building Measures: Increase

Peacekeeping Forces: Maintain
Coop w/Hostile Neighbors/ Opposition: Restrict
Local Maneuvers: Restrict

Peacekeeping Forces: Maintain
Coop w/Hostile Neighbors/ Opposition: Restrict
Local Maneuvers: Restrict

Training: Suspend
Officer Exchange: Suspend
Military Cooperation: Suspend
Port Visits: Suspend
Conf. Bldg Measures: Suspend
Peacekeeping: Withdraw
Coop w/Neighbors/Opp: Increase
Local Maneuvers: Increase
Show of Force
Act of War

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