free trade, unilateral and economic trade sanctions

Honey and Vinegar
Richard N. Haass and Meghan L. O'Sullivan
A recently published book by Brookings Institution scholars recommends a mix of engagement backed up with the threat of sanctions for conducting foreign policy. The book examines seven foreign policy case studies and suggest how incentives-based strategies might be preferable to, or used in tandem with, punitive measures. Philip Zelikow, reviewing the book in Foreign Affairs, noted, "Although credible sticks must complement carrots, the contributors explain why the equation should usually work both ways."

The Big Ten : The Big Emerging Markets and How They Will Change Our Lives
Jeffrey E. Garten, 1997
From the former Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade comes a provocative vision of the stakes for America as new political and economic powers emerge around the world. Garten introduces us to the ten most dynamic emerging powers and makes a compelling case for increased American engagement and trade with them. Garten sees our entire way of life bound up in meeting this challenge. Index. Appendix. Charts and graphs.

The Children Are Dying: The Impact of Sanctions on Iraq
Reports from the United Nations and Ramsey Clark, et al., 1997
Today, six years after the firebombing of Iraq, some 20% of the Pentagon's budget is still dedicated to the military occupation of the Gulf region. US warplanes may no longer strike unsuspecting civilians, but another form of weaponry still ravages the land: economic sanctions. In this volume chilling eye-witness accounts, documentary data, and pleas from world leaders as diverse as a British MP, the President of Algeria, and a former US Attorney General combine to call our attention to a genocidal policy that has taken the lives of over 500,000 Iraqi children in recent years, and threatens the future of millions more.

Economic Sanctions Reconsidered
Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, and Kimberly Ann Elliott, second edition 1990
"This landmark study was thoroughly updated in 1990 and was repeatedly cited in the congressional debate on the use of force against Iraq. It chronicles and evaluates 116 uses of economic sanctions since 1914. Each case study contains a concise chronology; the sanctioning country's objectives and the target country's response; the roles played by important third countries; relevant economic data and a calculation of costs; and an assessment of the outcome. From this exhaustive analysis, the authors distill a set of "commandments" to guide policymakers in the effective use of sanctions. The study comprises two volumes: Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy (sold separately) and Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: Supplemental Case Histories."

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